Graphene guda ɗaya ne na atomic Layer na carbon atom wanda aka tsara a cikin lattice mai girma mai girma biyu.. An fara keɓe shi a ciki 2004 kuma tun daga lokacin ya ja hankalin masu bincike da masana'antu saboda tsananin ƙarfinsa, sassauci, da kuma conductivity.
Hanyoyin samarwa sun haɗa da fitar da injiniyoyi, sinadaran tururi jijiya (CVD), da raguwar sinadarai na graphene oxide. Kowace hanya tana da fa'ida da iyakancewa, shafi inganci, girman, da farashin zanen graphene da aka samar.
Yayin da graphene mai tsabta ya bayyana ba ya da guba, damuwa yana tasowa lokacin da yazo ga gefuna na zanen graphene da ƙananan ƙwayoyin graphene oxide., wanda zai iya haifar da hatsarin lafiya idan an shaka. Ci gaba da bincike na nufin fayyace illolin lafiya na dogon lokaci na bayyanar graphene.
Ee, ci gaban CVD da sauran fasahohin sun ba da damar samar da graphene akan sikeli mafi girma. Duk da haka, samar da high quality-, graphene babban yanki koyaushe ya kasance ƙalubale.
Farashin graphene ya bambanta yadu bisa hanyar samarwa da inganci. Yayin da fasahar samarwa ke haɓaka kuma haɓaka sikelin, ana sa ran farashin zai ragu, yin graphene mafi m ga tartsatsi aikace-aikace.
A cikin tsantsar siffarsa, graphene ba maganadisu ba. Duk da haka, ta hanyar doping ko kusanci da kayan maganadisu, graphene na iya nuna halayen maganadisu, buɗe damar yin amfani da spintronics da sauran aikace-aikacen maganadisu.
Airgel haske ne, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wanda ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa na ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi da aka haɗa a cikin matrix mai girma uku tare da iska mai cike da sarari.. An fara ƙirƙirar shi a ciki 1931 kuma galibi ana bayyana shi da "daskararre hayaki" saboda kamanninsa na ethereal.
Aerogels suna halin ƙarancin ƙarancinsu, high porosity, kyau kwarai thermal da acoustic rufi Properties, bayyananniyar gani, da kuma m hydrophobicity. Waɗannan fasalulluka suna sa aerogels su dace da aikace-aikace da yawa.
Ana amfani da aerogels a cikin rufin gini, injiniyan sararin samaniya, tsaftace zubewar mai, catalysis, tufafi, kayan aikin soja, da lantarki, a tsakanin sauran fannoni. Kaddarorinsu na musamman suna ba da izini don sabbin hanyoyin warwarewa a cikin wuraren da ke buƙatar nauyi amma kayan aiki masu inganci.
Farashin airgel na iya bambanta sosai dangane da nau'in, girman, da yawa. Duk da yake da farko quite tsada, ci gaban masana'antu yana haifar da raguwar farashi, sanya Airgel ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki don amfanin kasuwanci.
Sake amfani da aerogels yana gabatar da ƙalubale na fasaha saboda sarƙaƙƙiyar tsarinsu. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kokarin samar da hanyoyin sake yin amfani da su don rage sharar gida da inganta dorewar amfani da iska.
Yayin da aerogels galibi ana ɗaukar lafiya, ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan yayin kulawa don guje wa shakar ƙura, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi. Ana ba da shawarar ƙa'idodin aminci masu kyau lokacin aiki tare da aerogels.