ʻO Graphene kahi papa ʻātomai hoʻokahi o nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi lattice hexagonal ʻelua-dimensional.. Ua hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia ma 2004 a mai ia manawa ua hoʻopio i nā mea noiʻi a me nā ʻoihana ma muli o kona ikaika ʻokoʻa, hikiwawe, a me ka conductivity.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano hana i ka exfoliation mechanical, ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika (CVD), a me ka hoemi kemika o ka graphene oxide. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ala kona mau pono a me nā palena, pili i ka maikaʻi, nui, a me ke kumukūʻai o nā pepa graphene i hana ʻia.
ʻOiai ʻike ʻia ka graphene maʻemaʻe ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻawaʻawa, Piʻi ka hopohopo i ka wā e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao o nā pepa graphene a me nā ʻāpana graphene oxide liʻiliʻi., hiki ke pilikia i ke ola kino ke inhaled. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi e wehewehe i nā hopena olakino lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka graphene.
ʻAe, ʻO nā holomua ma CVD a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe ua hiki ke hana i ka graphene ma kahi ʻano nui. Eia naʻe, e hana ana i ka maikai, He paʻakikī ka graphene ʻāpana nui.
ʻOkoʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka graphene ma muli o ke ʻano hana a me ka maikaʻi. Ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei nā ʻenehana hana a piʻi ka nui, manaʻo ʻia e emi ke kumukūʻai, e hoʻonui i ka graphene no nā noi ākea.
Ma kona ano maemae, ʻAʻole magnetic ka graphene. Eia naʻe, ma o ka doping a i ʻole kokoke i nā mea magnetic, Hiki i ka graphene ke hōʻike i ka hana magnetic, wehe i nā mea hiki i ka spintronics a me nā noi magnetic ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Airgel kahi kukui uila, paʻa porous ʻo ia ka ʻupena o nā ʻāpana paʻa i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi matrix ʻekolu-dimensional me ka ea e hoʻopiha ana i nā ākea.. Ua hana mua ia ma 1931 a ua hoakaka pinepine ia "uahi hau" ma muli o kona helehelena ethereal.
Hōʻike ʻia nā Aerogels e ko lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, porosity kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi loa ka wela a me ka acoustic insulation waiwai, ʻike maka, a me ka hydrophobicity loli. Hana kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā aerogels i kūpono no nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Aerogels i ke kūkulu hale, ʻenekinia aerospace, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, hoʻopalekana, lole lole, lako kaua, a me nā mea uila, ma waena o nā kahua ʻē aʻe. ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa e ʻae i nā hoʻonā hou i nā wahi e koi ana i nā mea māmā akā pono.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka airgel ma muli o ke ʻano, nui, a me ka nui. ʻOiai ma mua he pipiʻi nui, ʻO ka holomua o ka hana ʻana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka airgel no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i nā aerogels e hōʻike ana i nā pilikia ʻenehana ma muli o ko lākou ʻano paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, Ke hoʻomaka nei nā hana e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana hou e hōʻemi i ka ʻōpala a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aerogels.
ʻOiai ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā aerogels he palekana, pono e mālama ʻia i ka wā o ka lawelawe ʻana e pale aku i ka inhalation o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hanu. Paipai ʻia nā protocol palekana kūpono i ka hana ʻana me nā aerogels.